|
4/10/07 My America |
 |
Stereotypes =
math, martial arts, rice/noodles; Do they cross ethnic lines? |
|
Math
stereotypes = language difficulties, focus on math in other
countries, parent influence, jobs, $/social status |
|
Enforcing the
stereotype = media, everyone |
|
U.S. Born
(comfortable w/culture) = parents more liberal/freedom v.
immigrant = parents advice |
|
Race doesn’t
matter anymore? The country more interracial? Depends on which
race/ethnicity? Location? |
|
AAPIs
assimilated? “Unofficial Whites” |
|
Asians still
considered foreigners = Asian v. Asian American |
|
In-group v.
out-group = everyone |
|
Problems = East
Asian v. everyone else; Asian (incl. India, Pakistan, Middle
East) v. Asian American; Pacific Islanders; Immigration Patterns |
|
Education =
learn about other cultures? Does education play a role in
a person’s future development/knowledge? How can we change
education? How can we change older generations’ ideas? |
|
What we learn +
what we experience (affiliation) = reaction to different people |
|
Individual v.
group; scapegoat |
|
Will an
individual’s actions reflect the group? |
|
Race in the
U.S. = Black & White |
|
AA culture =
community vs. mainstream? |
|
|
4/11/07 Hawai'i |
|
Stereotyped images of Hawai'i |
|
Hawai'i is isolated |
|
6th-8th AD
= HI came to islands, navigate by stars, Pacific Triangle
(Polynesian, New Zealand, Easter Island/Rapa Nui) |
|
Hawaii culture = 4 castes;
separate islands & chiefs; Kapu & gods/goddesses |
|
1788 = James Cook (England)
lands |
|
Kamehameha I – unites the islands
|
|
1819 = Under the rule of Liholiho/Kamehameha
II, Ka’ahumanu (converted to Christianity) breaks the kapu |
|
1848 = Great Mahele under
Kamehameha III |
|
Plantation structure & life;
ethnic antagonism; plantation paternalism |
|
Unions = 1920, 1946 |
|
"Local" |
|
1898 annexation; 1959 statehood |
|
| 4/16/07
Chinese Immigrants to the West Coast |
|
West Coast Immigration = Chinese Heathens |
|
1848-1850 – Sutter’s Mill |
|
1852 Foreign Miner’s Tax |
|
Railroads |
|
Chinatowns = community demographics,
work, lifestyle, stereotypes developed for both men and women |
|
internal colony |
|
Tourist destination |
|
Six companies = betterment societies =
community resource center |
|
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 |
|
1906 SF earthquake = “paper sons” |
|
Angel Island = in SF Bay – divided by
gender, jail, 3 wk process |
|
| 4/18/07
Japanese Immigrants to the West Coast |
|
Issei (1880-1920), including Picture
Brides = describe the Issei |
|
Farm laborers, rent land |
|
Nisei (1910-1930) = can own land,
describe the Nisei |
|
Issei v. Nisei |
|
1908 Gentlemen’s Agreement |
|
1913 Alien Land Law |
|
1920 Alien Land Law |
|
Immigration Act of 1924 – federal –
Asiatic barred zone act – “first wave” v. “second wave” |
|
| 4/20/07
Korean Immigrants to the West Coast |
|
Korean match the Japanese immigration
= “colony”/invasion/occupation – Japanese nationals – they could
immigrate to U.S. |
|
Picture Brides – 2nd gen,
small |
|
1900-1908 = NATIONALISTIC – FREE
KOREA – persona non grata |
|
Christian |
|
1908 = SF – Chang In-hwan |
|
| 4/25/07
Indian Immigrants to the West Coast |
| 1900-1924 |
| Sikh, Hindu, Muslim |
| migrant farm laborers |
| intermarriage |
| Notions of race, Caucasian |
| 1923 Bhagat Singh Thind |
|
| 4/27/07
Filipino Immigrants to the West
Coast |
|
Filipino
Immigrants = diff islands/diff languages/diff traditions – 1890s
– 1940s |
|
400 years of
Spanish occupation – West – Catholic, language, dress, food,
name intermarrying – education – lowest class of people |
|
1898 annexation
= Filipinos are American nationals |
|
Anti-miscegenation laws |
|
Jobs = migrant labor; canneries;
houseboys
|
|
|
|
Paradox of the U.S. |
|
1934 Tydings-McDuffie Act =
Begins the indepence of the Philippines – 10 year period –
quota of 50/year
|
|
| 4/30/07
Incarceration |
|
Status of Asian
Americans in the U.S. by 1941 |
|
December 7, 1941 – Pearl Harbor |
|
F.B.I. = arrest Issei |
|
Martial Law |
|
Different Asian ethnic groups –
separated even more |
|
February 19th, 1942 – E.O.
9066 – |
|
442nd Regimental Combat
Team |
|
Late 1943, early 1944 – JAs are once
again draftable |
|
Loyalty Questionnaire |
|
Segregation camp = Tule Lake |
|
Resisters |
|
Renunciates |
|
Court Cases = Korematsu,
Yasui, Hirabayashi, Endo |
|
| 5/8/07
Second Wave |
|
1965 Immigration Act |
|
Second Wave = Civil Rights Movement;
communities that have been around for a while (5 first wave
groups); new groups; professionals, political refugees, American
Dream; immigrant generation’s concerns; 1.5 generation |
|
Diaspora = push-pull theory of
immigration |
|
| 5/9/07
Vietnam War |
|
Vietnamese refugees 1975 =
|
|
Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian, Mien,
Hmong, Khmou= political refugees, U.S. owes them/us – ethnic
enclaves (newer) – issues with education/assimilation;
drop-out/crime/gangs (community); political representation; culture
v. Western/American culture [spiritual beliefs, health]
|
|
Transnationalism |
|
Boat people --
Orderly Departure Program
(ODP) in 1979 |
|
Culturally isolated |
|
| 5/10/07
Race |
| Race = ongoing social construction |
| Bernier |
| Blumenbach |
| Said |
|
| 5/14/07
Contemporary Issues |
| What is Asian American? |
| Pan-Asian Unity |
| Model Minority |
| Cultural Memory |
| Appropriation & Commodification |
| Diversity v. Assimilation |
|
| 5/24/07
Vincent Chin |
| "Face of the Enemy" |
| Hate crime or bar brawl got out of hand |
| Activism |
| Lasting Effects |
|
| 5/29/07
Sa-i-gu |
| L.A. Riots |
| Three news clips played most often |
| Past conflict between Korean Americans and Asian
Americans |
| Community outreach, cultural misunderstandings |
|
| 5/31/07
Representation |
|
A visible community? Binary racial discussion in the
U.S. |
|
Representation = media (news, film, tv, music, lit,
art) = public |
|
Yellowface, taboos |
|
Males = Fu Manchu (sneaky villain), Bruce Lee/martial
artist, nerd = emasculated Asian male (weak, not manly) |
|
Females = Dragon Lady (evil, conniving, will use sex
to get what she wants), Geisha/Lotus Blossom/China Doll (innocent,
passive, very subservient, sexual), Connie Chung, “White Male
Fantasy”; assimilate |
|
Cultural Accuracy |
|
| 6/6/07
Hapas & Transracial/ Transnational Adoptees |
|
Hapa Issues = Isolation (not fitting in to either
background); not feeling good enough/knowing enough to fit in either
side; dealing with two/more different cultures; maybe not
comfortable with themselves |
|
“passing” = should someone deny one part of
themselves |
|
A way to be different, more interest in claiming some
unique heritage |
|
Transracial/transnational adoptee Issues =
Whitewashed (doesn’t know language, culture); assimilation |
|
Culture isn’t racially/ethnically specific |
|
Assimilation; struggle to fit; self-hatred;
self-denial |
|
Claiming of the self |
|
