I.  Historical Theories

A. Psychoanalysis 

1.  View of mind

a.  Conscious

b.  Preconscious

c.  Unconscious

2.  Psychosexual stages

a. Oral (0-18 mos)

b. Anal (18-36 mos)

c. Phallic (3-6 yrs)

d. Latency (6 yrs - puberty)

e. Genital (puberty and on)

3.  Individual vs. society

a.  Id   -- follows pleasure principle

b.  Superego -- internalized rules of society

c.  Ego -- follows reality principle

5.  Defense mechanisms 

a.  Repression

b.  Regression

c.  Reaction formation

d.  Rationalization

e.  Displacement

f.  Sublimation

g.  Projection
 

Psychoanalysis offers after-the-fact explanations.  A theory that does not provide predictions is not good science.  This is one of the reasons psychoanalysis has faded from prominence in psychology.

B.  Humanistic perspective

1.  Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Self-actualization needs

Esteem needs

Love and belongingness needs

Safety needs

Physiological needs

2.  Self-handicapping

II. Contemporary Theories

A.  Trait perspective

1.  Describe the personalities that exist, rather than focus on where they come from.

2.  Big Five

a. Emotional stability

b. Extraversion

c. Openness

d. Agreeableness

e. Conscientiousness

3.  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

4.  Problems

a.  Use in employment

b.  Social desirability

B.  Social-cognitive perspective

1.  How do our thoughts (cognitive) and our environment (social) interact?

2.  Locus of control

3.  Learned helplessness

C. The self

1. Self-esteem

2. Self-serving bias