MLA Style
Rules from the Modern Language Association of America

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Book with Single Author:                
Format:        Author. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication.
Example:      
Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray, 1999.

 Book with Multiple Authors:
Format:        Author. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication.
Example:      Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, 2000.

Note
: After the first author, list authors First Name then Last Name.

 More than three authors use et al.:
Format:
        Author, et al. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication.
Example:       Hall, Stuart, et al. Policing the Crisis. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1979.

 Book with No Author:       
Format:         Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication.          
Example:       Encyclopedia of Indiana. New York: Somerset, 1993.
   

Article in Encyclopedia
Format:         Author. “Article Title.” Title. Edition. Date of Publication.
Example #1:  Ostrum. John H.  “Dinosaurs.” The New Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropedia.  15th ed.  1997.

Example #2:  Allen, Anita L. “Privacy in Health Care.” Encyclopedia of Bioethics. Ed. Warren T. Reich.
                             Rev. ed. 5 vols. New York: MacmillanSimon, 1995.
Note: Use Example #2 format for lesser known reference book, which includes place of publishing and publisher.

Magazines:
Format:         Author. "Article Title." Journal Title. *Date of Publication: Page Numbers.
Example:       Poniewozik, James. "TV Makes a Too-Close Call." Time 20 Nov. 2000: 70-71.

Note
: When citing the date, list day before month; use a three-letter abbreviation of the month (e.g. Aug.).

Journals:
Format:         Author. “Article Title.” Journal Title. Volume. (Date of Publication): Page Numbers.
Example:       Allen, Emily. "Staging Identity: Frances Burney's Allegory of Genre."  Eighteenth-Century Studies 31
                               (1998): 433-51.

 Note
: If the journal uses continuous pagination, use only volume and year, e.g. Modern Anthropology 37 (1992): 531-61.  If each issue
 of the journal begins on page 1, however, put the issue number after the volume, e.g. Mosaic 19.3 (1986): 33-49.

Newspapers:        
Format:         Author. “Article Title.” Newspaper Title. (Date of Publication), Edition: Section.
Example:        Trembacki, Paul. "Brees Hopes to Win Heisman for Team."  Purdue Exponent   5 Dec. 2000: 20.

Note
: For newspapers with more than one daily edition, identify the pertinent edition after the date (e.g. 17 May 1987, late ed.).

Film or Videotape: 

Format:         Title. Authors. Distributor, Date of Publication.
Example:       The Usual Suspects. Dir. Bryan Singer. Perf. Kevin Spacey,Gabriel Byrne, Chazz  Palminteri, Stephen Baldwin, 

                               and Benecio del Toro.  Polygram, 1995.
Note
: Authors are main contributors to the film like director, lead actors and screenwriters.

Internet and Electronic Sources

Websites:
Format:
      Author. Website Title. Copyright or Date Last Updated. Name of institution/ Organization affiliated with the site.
                          Date site was visited.
 
<URL>.
Example:    Felluga, Dino. Undergraduate Guide to Literacy Theory. 17 Dec. 1999.  Purdue University.  15 Nov.2000. 

                          <http://omni.cc.purdue.edu/efelluga/theory2.html>.

 

Online Journal Article from an Online Service like Proquest:  (From ProQuest)
Format:       Author. "Article Title”. Title of Journal Volume Number.Issue Number (Year):
                           Page Range. Name of Database. Name of Online Service. Library Name,  Name of City.
                           Day  Month Year of Access <network address of online service>. 
Example:     Onwuemene, Michael C. "Limits of Transliteration: Nigerian Writers' Endeavors toward
                           a National Literary Language."  PMLA 114 (1999): 1055-66. ProQuest.  New York
                           Public Lib. 3 Dec. 1999 <http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb>.

Note: Check with your instructor whether to use the persistent link or url for network address.

Online Magazine Article:               
Format:         Author. “Magazine Article.” Magazine Title. Date of Publication: Page Numbers. Date site was visited.
                             <URL>.
Example:       Chaplin, Heather. "Epidemic of Extravagance." Salon. 19 Feb. 1999: 146-149. 12  July  1999.
                             <http://ww1.salonmagazine.com/money/col/chap/1999/02/19chap.html>.

Online Journal Article:
Format:          Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume. Issue(Year): Pages/Paragraphs. Date of

                              Access <electronic address>.

Example:        Wheelis, Mark. "Investigating Disease Outbreaks Under a Protocol to the Biological

                               and Toxin Weapons Convention." Emerging Infectious Diseases 6.6 (2000):

                               33 pars. 5 Dec. 2000 <http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol6no6/wheelis.htm>.

 

Online Newspaper Article:

Format:         Author. “Newspaper Article.” Newspaper Title. Date of Publication: Page Numbers. Date site was
                               visited. <URL>.
Example:       Mendels, Pamela. "Librarian, Long an Internet Booster, Sees Clouds on Web Horizon."

                               NewYork Times on the Web. 19 April 2000: 21-22. 21 April 2000.

       <http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/00/04/cyber/19education.html>.

Note: If there are no page numbers, you may list the number of paragraphs.

E-mail to you:
Format:
       Author. "Title of the message (if any)" E-mail to the author. Date of the message.
Example:      Kunka, Andrew. "Re: Modernist Literature." E-mail to the author. 15 Nov. 2000.

Online Posting:
Format:        Author Login Name. “Subject of Message.” Online posting. Date message sent.

                             Discussion List. Access Date. <URL>
Example:      Karper, Erin. "Welcome!" Online posting. 23 Oct. 2000. Professional Writing Bulletin

     Board. 12 Nov. 2000 <http://linnell.english.purdue.edu/ubb/Forum2/HTML/000001.html>.

 


Most examples provided by the Online Writing Lab at Purdue http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_mla.html#Print  
For a list of websites containing information about MLA style see http://flightline.highline.edu/reference/weblinks/citingsources.htm

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